{"id":208479,"date":"2026-04-14T12:09:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T10:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scm.bz\/?p=208479"},"modified":"2026-04-14T12:09:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T10:09:56","slug":"the-trial-of-the-head-of-the-investigation-department-of-the-national-defence-forces-ndf-in-salamiyah-held-in-the-hague-netherlands-monitoring-summary-for-days-one-and-two-and-indictments-en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scm.bz\/en\/the-trial-of-the-head-of-the-investigation-department-of-the-national-defence-forces-ndf-in-salamiyah-held-in-the-hague-netherlands-monitoring-summary-for-days-one-and-two-and-indictments-en\/","title":{"rendered":"The trial of the Head of the Investigation Department of the National Defence Forces (NDF) in Salamiyah, held in The Hague, Netherlands – Monitoring Summary for Days One and Two, and Indictments."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The trial of the Head of the Investigation Department of the National Defence Forces (NDF) in Salamiyah, held in The Hague, Netherlands – Monitoring Summary for Days One and Two.<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Day 1 and 2 Druten case:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Day 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first day of the substantive hearing in the Druten Arrest case took place in the Netherlands on 8 April 2025 in the District Court of Den Haag. The suspect was present and represented by counsel. Also in attendance were two prosecutors, representatives for the injured parties, three Arabic interpreters, and two English interpreters. A livestream was made available in Dutch, English, and Arabic. A separate stream was provided for the victims who could not attend in person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The charges<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Public Prosecution Service outlined that the suspect faces a total of 25 charges. All alleged offences took place in Salamiyah, Syria, between 2013 and 2014. The charges include charges of complicity in torture in an official capacity with specific intent, complicity in torture as a crime against humanity, and complicity in various forms of sexual violence as a crime against humanity, committed against multiple victims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The suspect’s background and position<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Court questioned the suspect on his personal history, his background in Salamiyah, and his former work as a court clerk at the Public Prosecution Service. The suspect acknowledged this role but consistently maintained that his duties were limited to attending crime scenes alongside judicial officials, and that he had no involvement with the NDF (National Defence Forces), a pro-government militia operating under the Assad regime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When confronted with witness statements suggesting he had attended demonstrations in order to identify and register participants, and that he had subsequently joined the NDF as an interrogator, the suspect denied all such allegations. He described the witnesses as liars, members of opposition parties, or individuals acting under pressure from third parties. Throughout the session, the suspect maintained that the entire case against him was fabricated, orchestrated by the NDF itself in an act of revenge after he had uncovered important information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testimonies and evidence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A substantial part of the hearing was devoted to confronting the suspect with the statements of numerous witnesses and injured parties from Salamiyah. Multiple individuals, including former detainees, neighbors, and protesters, identified the suspect by name as an interrogator within the NDF. Several described being detained at various locations around Salamiyah, where they were subjected to physical violence and, in some cases, sexual abuse. Witnesses placed the suspect at these locations in an official capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Witness B.Z. stated that his interrogator was the suspect, describing him in physical detail. Journalist H.M. confirmed knowing the suspect and stated that after the NDF was established, the suspect became one of its interrogators. A.A. described the suspect as the investigator of the organisation. Witness M. stated he had seen the suspect in NDF uniform on multiple occasions, including when the suspect came to collect a doctor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among the victims, the accounts were consistent and detailed. M. stated that the suspect’s name was well known among the people of Salamiyah and that he had been summoned by him. F. stated that the NDF operated in Salamiyah, within which the suspect held a position, and that he had been interrogated by the suspect personally. D. confirmed that the suspect worked for the NDF as an interrogator and that he too had been interrogated by him. H. stated that the suspect interrogated him between four and seven times at a farm location, and that prior to his detention he had already seen a photograph of the suspect in camouflage clothing, circulated as a warning about his NDF affiliation. A. stated that the NDF structure was publicly known in Salamiyah, named the suspect as one of its interrogators, and described being stopped and searched by NDF members, with the suspect serving as the interrogator. J. confirmed that the suspect acted as a NDF interrogator, stating that he himself had been detained and that the suspect was his interrogator. S. stated that he had been stopped multiple times by the NDF between 2011 and 2013, and that it was the suspect who had ordered him to get undressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Documentary evidence was also presented, including NDF-issued documents bearing the suspect’s name, a handwritten letter acknowledged by the suspect himself, and official intelligence service reports describing him as a former NDF interrogator who had committed sexual offences. The suspect disputed the content of all documents he had not personally signed, claiming translations were incorrect or that the documents had been fabricated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Court further presented forensic analysis of photographs found on the phone of the suspect’s wife, showing him in military clothing and holding a firearm. Geo-location analysis strongly suggested these photographs were taken at one of the locations where victims stated they had been detained and interrogated. The suspect denied that the photographs were taken at that location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statements of the injured parties formed a consistent and detailed picture. Multiple victims independently described being held at the same locations and subjected to interrogations by the same individual. Several victims recounted incidents of sexual violence. One witness described seeing a female detainee being taken from her cell at night and returned in distress. Another described a scene in which women and children were brought to a location and taken away one by one. Various victims stated that it was commonly known in Salamiyah that the suspect held an interrogator role within the NDF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The suspect rejected all of these accounts without exception, stating that the testimonies were coordinated and motivated by personal or political interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The hearing will continue in the coming days. On 13 and 14 April, the injured parties will exercise their right to make a victim statement; a significant moment in these proceedings for all those who have endured the consequences of the crimes alleged in this case. Closing arguments by the prosecution are scheduled for 21 April, with the defence plea to follow on 22 April. The Court is expected to deliver its verdict on 9 June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You can follow the proceedings via the livestream, registration is required. https:\/\/www.rechtspraak.nl\/organisatie-en-contact\/organisatie\/rechtbanken\/rechtbank-den-haag\/nieuws\/livestream-in-shildon-case<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Day 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The second day of the hearing focused on the detailed examination of multiple charges through victim testimonies, each describing patterns of detention, abuse, and violence allegedly carried out in Salamiyah in 2013-2014. Throughout the day, the accused maintained a position of complete denial, repeatedly claiming that the allegations were fabricated and part of a broader conspiracy against him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first set of statements concerned M. According to the case file, M was arrested in early January 2013 in Salamiyah after being linked to protest activities. He described being taken by armed individuals, transported to a nearby facility, allegedly a former carpet factory used by the NDF, and held there for several days. During this period, he was blindfolded, restrained, and subjected to repeated interrogations. The judge outlined that M reported being beaten with sticks and the barrel of a rifle, kicked, and held by multiple individuals while being questioned. The judge highlighted that M reported recognizing the accused when his blindfold loosened during one interrogation. Supporting elements included statements from M\u2019s mother, who described visible injuries and behavioural changes after his release, as well as medical documentation indicating lasting psychological harm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The court then addressed the statements of R, which included detailed allegations of sexual violence. As summarised by the judge, R described being arrested in mid-2013 and taken to a detention location associated with the NDF. There, she reported being subjected to repeated acts of sexual violence during interrogations. The judge outlined the sequence of events described in her statements, including physical assault, coercion, and rape. Particular attention was given to the level of detail in her account, including her description of the perpetrator and the presence of a distinguishing mark on his body, which the prosecution linked to forensic findings. The court also highlighted corroborating elements: R had disclosed the abuse shortly after her release to trusted individuals, whose statements were included in the file, and had previously described the events in migration proceedings.  The accused denied all allegations, at times refraining from engaging with the substance of the claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The file relating to O was then presented. According to the judge\u2019s summary, O described being detained in  2013 and transported, while blindfolded, to a detention site where she was interrogated. During these interrogations, she reported being subjected to severe physical violence, including beatings and electric shocks, as well as sexual abuse involving invasive acts. The judge emphasised that although O could not see her attacker due to the blindfold, she later associated the accused with the abuse based on his voice and a subsequent encounter in a public setting, where she experienced an immediate and strong recognition response. The court also referred to supporting testimony from her sister, who described O\u2019s condition upon release, including visible bruises on her body, signs of physical injury, and clear indications of psychological distress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, the court addressed statements concerning another victim (A), who described prolonged detention and systematic torture. According to the summary presented, (A) was detained for an extended period, reportedly several weeks to months, during which he was repeatedly beaten, held in overcrowded and degrading conditions, and exposed to ongoing violence. He described being struck with chains, kicked, and beaten to the point of losing consciousness, as well as witnessing the torture of other detainees. A significant element of his testimony is the identification of the accused not only as a participant but as someone who appeared to exercise authority, including directing or signalling the continuation of violence during interrogations. Additional statements from relatives and other witnesses described his physical condition after detention, including severe weight loss, dental damage, and long-term health consequences<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Day 2 was marked by a series of detailed and often overlapping testimonies pointing to a consistent pattern of abuse. While the accused firmly denied all allegations and questioned the credibility of the witnesses, the testimonies presented a coherent narrative of detention and mistreatment linked to the same structures and actors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The accused maintained a position of complete denial throughout, rejecting the allegations and challenging the credibility of the witnesses, while offering limited substantive explanations in response to the specific evidence presented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The hearing continues on 13 April, when the court will address the remaining charges as well as the suspect’s personal circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

The trial of the Head of the Investigation Department of the National Defence Forces (NDF) in Salamiyah, held in The Hague, Netherlands – Indictments!<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

The first substantive hearing in the Druten case was held on 8 April 2026 at the District Court of The Hague. At the opening of the hearing, the prosecution presented the charges against the suspect in full and announced an amendment to the indictment, the text of which had been sent to the court and counsel the previous day. The amendments are primarily textual in nature; in one instance, they also adjust the period covered by a charge. In line with a prior agreement with the court, victims are referred to throughout by a letter designation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The suspect faces a total of 25 charges across three separate summonses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under summons 71-013355-23, the following 19 facts are alleged:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Counts 1 and 2 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim M., in or around the period from 3 to 10 January 2013 in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Count 3 <\/strong>concerns the co-perpetration of sexual violence as a crime against humanity against M. during the same period in Salamiyah, Syria. Upon amendment of the indictment, the original charge of rape as a crime against humanity under count 3 has been reformulated as sexual violence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Counts 4 and 5 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim F., in or around the period from 18 to 22 October 2013 in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Count 6 <\/strong>concerns the co-perpetration of sexual violence as a crime against humanity against F. during the same period in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Counts 7 and 8 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim D., in or around the period from 20 to 24 October 2013 in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Count 9 <\/strong>concerns the co-perpetration of sexual violence as a crime against humanity against D. during the same period in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Counts 10 and 11 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim A., in or around the period from 20 December 2013 up to and including 15 February 2014 in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Counts 12 and 13 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim J., in or around the period from 3 to 7 January 2014 in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Counts 14 and 15 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim R., in or around the period from 10 to 18 July 2013 in Salamiyah, Syria.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Counts 16 and 17 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of sexual violence and rape as crimes against humanity against R. during the same period in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Counts 18 and 19 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim H., in or around the period from 14 to 26 October 2013 in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Under summons 71-118734-25<\/strong>, the following 3 facts are alleged:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Counts 1 and 2 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim O., in or around the period from 30 June up to and including 14 July 2013 in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Count 3 <\/strong>concerns the co-perpetration of sexual violence as a crime against humanity against O. during the same period in Salamiyah, Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Under summons 71-187276-25<\/strong>, the following 3 facts are alleged:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Counts 1 and 2 <\/strong>concern the co-perpetration of torture and of torture as a crime against humanity against victim S., in or around the period from 11 January to 12 February 2014 inclusive in Salamiyah, Syria. The period covered by these counts has been adjusted upon amendment of the indictment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Count 3 <\/strong>concerns the co-perpetration of sexual violence as a crime against humanity against S. during the same period in Salamiyah, Syria, with the period likewise adjusted upon amendment of the indictment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The trial of the Head of the Investigation Department of the National Defence Forces (NDF) in Salamiyah, held in The Hague, Netherlands – Monitoring Summary for Days One and Two. Day 1 and 2 Druten case: Day 1: The first day of the substantive hearing in the Druten Arrest case took place in the Netherlands […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":208480,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[299,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-208479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-scm-statements","category-uncategorized","post-wrapper"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe trial of the Head of the Investigation Department of the National Defence Forces (NDF) in Salamiyah, held in The Hague, Netherlands - Monitoring Summary for Days One and Two, and Indictments. - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 Syrian Center for Media and Freedom 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