{"id":178425,"date":"2017-10-02T03:06:23","date_gmt":"2017-10-02T01:06:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scm.bz\/violations\/iran-afghan-children-recruited-to-fight-in-syria.html"},"modified":"2017-10-02T03:06:23","modified_gmt":"2017-10-02T01:06:23","slug":"iran-afghan-children-recruited-to-fight-in-syria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scm.bz\/en\/iran-afghan-children-recruited-to-fight-in-syria\/","title":{"rendered":"Iran: Afghan Children Recruited to Fight in Syria"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Protection Gaps Increase Children\u2019s Vulnerability<\/h1>\n
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\"Tombstones<\/a><\/p>\n

Tombstones of Afghan child soldiers buried in Iran.<\/div>\n<\/div>
\u00a0<\/span>\u00a9 2017 Private<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

(Beirut) \u2013 Iran\u2019s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) has recruited\u00a0Afghan<\/a>\u00a0immigrant children living in\u00a0Iran<\/a>\u00a0to fight in\u00a0Syria<\/a>, Human Rights Watch said today. Afghan children as young as 14 have fought in the Fatemiyoun division, an\u00a0exclusively Afghan armed group supported by Iran<\/a>\u00a0that fights alongside government forces in the Syrian conflict. Under international law, recruiting children under the age of 15 to participate actively in hostilities is a war crime.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch researchers reviewed photographs of tombstones in Iranian cemeteries where the authorities buried combatants killed in Syria, and identified eight Afghan children who apparently fought and died in Syria. Iranian media reports also corroborated some of these cases and reported at least six more instances of Afghan child soldiers who died in Syria. For two of the reported cases, researchers reviewed photographs of tombstones that indicated the individual was over the age of 18, but family members of these deceased fighters told Iranian media that they were children who had misrepresented their age in order to join the Fatemiyoun division. This indicates that instances of Iran recruiting children to fight in Syria are likely more prevalent.<\/p>\n

\u201cIran should immediately end the recruitment of child soldiers and bring back any Afghan children it has sent to fight in Syria,\u201d said\u00a0Sarah Leah Whitson<\/a>, Middle East director at Human Rights Watch. \u201cRather than preying on vulnerable immigrant and refugee children, the Iranian authorities should protect all children and hold those responsible for recruiting Afghan children to account.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 2015, the\u00a0Interior Ministry estimated that there were 2.5 million Afghans<\/a>\u00a0in Iran, many of them without residency papers. Human Rights Watch previously documented cases of\u00a0Afghan refugees in Iran who \u201cvolunteered\u201d to fight in Syria<\/a>\u00a0in the hopes of gaining legal status for their families.<\/p>\n

Since 2013, Iran has supported and trained thousands of Afghans, at least some of them undocumented immigrants, as part of the Fatemiyoun division,\u00a0a group that an Iranian newspaper close to the government describes as volunteer Afghan forces<\/a>, to fight in Syria. In May 2015, Defa Press, a news agency close to Iran\u2019s armed forces, reported that the Fatemiyoun had been elevated from a brigade to a division. There are no official public statistics on its size, but according to an interview published in the Revolutionary Guards-affiliated\u00a0Tasnim News<\/a>, it has about 14,000 fighters.<\/p>\n

By reviewing photographs of their tombstones, Human Rights Watch documented eight Afghan children who fought and died in Syria. Five of them, one as young as 14, are buried in the Martyr\u2019s Section of Tehran\u2019s Behesht-e-Zahra cemetery. Writing on the epitaphs of the tombstones indicates that they were all probably killed in combat in Syria and that all of them were below the age of 18 at the time of their deaths. Human Rights Watch was able to document three more cases, of a 17-year-old, a 15-year-old, and another 17-year-old, who were buried in Alborz, Tehran, and Isfahan provinces, respectively.<\/p>\n

In four of these cases, the tombstones also identified the children\u2019s places of death in Syria, and in seven of the eight cases, the tombstones described the Afghan child as a \u201cdefender of the shrine,\u201d the euphemism the Iranian government uses to describe fighters it sends to Syria. Domestic media reported their funerals and memorial services, along with their membership in the Fatemiyoun division and their place of \u201cmartyrdom\u201d in Syria.<\/p>\n

Domestic media reports also indicate that at least six more \u201cdefenders of the shrine\u201d from the Fatemiyoun division are buried across the country and were under the age of 18 when they died. In two of these cases \u2013 Hassan Rahimi and Mohammad Zaman Atayi \u2013 information engraved on their tombstones indicated that the two were over 18 when they died, but media interviews with their families reveal that they were actually both children, or under 18, when they died fighting in Syria.<\/p>\n

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\"Tombstone<\/a><\/p>\n

Tombstone of Alireza Rahimi, Behesht-e-Zahra Cemetery, Tehran, Iran.<\/div>\n<\/div>
\u00a0<\/span>\u00a9 2017 Private<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For instance, Isa Rahimi,\u00a0the father of deceased Afghan child soldier Hassan Rahimi<\/a>, told Iran\u2019s Quran News Agency in November 2016, \u201cOn his tomb, his birthday is printed as 1995, but his real birthday is 1999. He had lied about his age so they would allow him to join the forces easier. They hadn\u2019t asked him for a birth certificate, and that\u2019s how he got away with it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Afghan fighters have also said they have seen children in training camps for Afghan forces. \u201cAli,\u201d a 29-year-old Afghan, told Human Rights Watch in August that he talked to 16 and 17-year-old child soldiers who were being trained to fight in Syria. Ali said he joined the Fatemiyoun division after a recruiter approached him while he was trying to renew his residency permit at the Bureau for Aliens and Foreign Immigrants Affairs (BAFIA) office in a city outside Tehran. He said the recruiter told him he could get his permit if he joined up.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey never asked me to show any documentation, but they wanted to make sure we were Afghan nationals,\u201d Ali told Human Rights Watch. \u201cWe had to be above the age 18 to be recruited, but they only asked for our age, not any documentation.\u201d<\/p>\n

There is little transparency in Iran\u2019s recruitment of soldiers to fight in Syria, including whether it has implemented measures to prevent child recruitment. On January 27, 2016, Mohsen Kazemeini, commander of the Tehran-based Mohammad Rasoul Allah division of the IRGC, said in a media interview\u00a0that Basij paramilitary branches affiliated with the Revolutionary Guards<\/a>\u00a0are in charge of recruiting forces to fight in Syria. While Iran officially claims that\u00a0all Afghans living in Iran who join the Fatemiyoun division are volunteers<\/a>, the\u00a0vulnerable legal position of many Afghan children living in Iran<\/a>\u00a0and their fear of being deported to Afghanistan may contribute to their decision to join up.<\/p>\n

Authorities have attempted to extend rights to Afghan children living in Iran. In 2015, Iran reportedly allowed\u00a0all Afghan children, including undocumented ones, to register for schools<\/a>\u00a0after Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei issued a ruling emphasizing that \u201cno Afghan child, even the undocumented ones, should be left out of school.\u201d Yet, this research demonstrates authorities have done too little to protect Afghan children from being recruited to fight in Syria, particularly in light of the fact that the government has proposed offering incentives such as a\u00a0path to citizenship for families of foreign fighters<\/a>\u00a0who die, become injured, or are taken captive during \u201cmilitary missions.\u201d These incentives without sufficient protections could increase the risk of child recruitment; as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\u2019 Executive Committee has emphasized, \u201crefugee children and adolescents\u2026 are particularly\u00a0vulnerable to recruitment by government armed forces<\/a>\u2026\u201d and has called upon governments to implement policies to prevent this human rights violation.<\/p>\n

Under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, \u201cconscripting or enlisting children under the age of 15 years into national armed forces or using them to participate actively in hostilities\u201d is a war crime. Iran is not a party to the Rome Statute, but is bound by customary international law which also provides that recruitment of children under age 15 is a war crime.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Optional Protocol<\/a>\u00a0to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict that entered into force on February 12, 2002, provides that 18 is the minimum age for direct participation in hostilities. Iran has signed the Optional Protocol, but the parliament has yet to vote on its ratification. Human Rights Watch has previously documented the use of\u00a0child soldiers in the Syrian conflict by the People\u2019s Protection Unit (YPG)<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 the Kurdish Democratic Union Party affiliate.<\/p>\n

The UN should investigate child recruitment by the IRGC, and the secretary-general should consider adding the organization to his annual list of perpetrators of violations against children based on evidence of child recruitment, Human Rights Watch said.<\/p>\n

\u201cIran should be improving protections for Afghan refugee children, not leaving them vulnerable to unscrupulous recruiting agents,\u201d Whitson said. \u201cIran should immediately ratify the Optional Protocol and ensure that Afghan children are not being recruited to fight in Syria.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Source: HRW<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Protection Gaps Increase Children\u2019s Vulnerability Tombstones of Afghan child soldiers buried in Iran. \u00a0\u00a9 2017 Private (Beirut) \u2013 Iran\u2019s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) has recruited\u00a0Afghan\u00a0immigrant children living in\u00a0Iran\u00a0to fight in\u00a0Syria, Human Rights Watch said today. Afghan children as young as 14 have fought in the Fatemiyoun division, an\u00a0exclusively Afghan armed group supported by Iran\u00a0that […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":180093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[305],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-178425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-violations-watch","post-wrapper"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIran: Afghan Children Recruited to Fight in Syria - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"%\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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